What are peptic ulcers?

Peptic ulcers are defined as open sores that form in the lining of the digestive tract. These ulcers can occur in the stomach (gastric ulcers), the upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers), or the esophagus (esophageal ulcers), but are predominantly found in the stomach and duodenum. They develop when the protective mucous layer of the digestive system is compromised, allowing stomach acid to damage the underlying tissue. This damage results in painful sores that can lead to more serious complications if left untreated, such as bleeding or perforation.

The other options provided do not accurately describe peptic ulcers. Intestinal infections caused by bacteria refer to conditions like gastroenteritis, which is characterized by inflammation of the stomach and intestines, rather than open sores. Chronic inflammation of the esophagus describes conditions such as esophagitis, which is distinct from the formation of ulcers. Minor injuries from trauma can result in various types of damage but do not specifically define peptic ulcers, as these sores are primarily related to acid damage rather than physical injury. Hence, identifying peptic ulcers as open sores in the digestive tract lining is the most accurate description.