What condition is characterized by the buildup of glucose in the blood due to insufficient insulin?

The condition characterized by the buildup of glucose in the blood due to insufficient insulin is hyperglycemia. This occurs when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or when the body's cells become resistant to insulin, leading to elevated blood sugar levels. The lack of insulin results in an inability to effectively transport glucose from the bloodstream into the cells where it is needed for energy, causing a buildup of glucose in the blood.

In the context of diabetes, hyperglycemia is a common complication that can lead to serious health issues if left unmanaged, including long-term complications such as neuropathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy. Monitoring blood glucose levels and managing insulin therapy is crucial for individuals at risk of or diagnosed with diabetes to maintain normal blood glucose levels and prevent the adverse effects associated with hyperglycemia.

The other conditions listed do not relate to blood glucose levels in the same manner. Hypoglycemia refers to low blood sugar, hypotension relates to low blood pressure, and hyperlipidemia concerns elevated levels of lipids in the blood. Each of these conditions has distinct causes and implications for health.