What is commonly known as "broken heart syndrome"?

"Broken heart syndrome" is commonly referred to as Takotsubo cardiomyopathy. This condition is characterized by a temporary weakening of the heart muscle that is often triggered by significant emotional distress, such as the loss of a loved one or extreme anxiety. The name "Takotsubo" derives from a Japanese word describing a type of octopus trap that resembles the shape of the left ventricle during the syndrome.

In Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, the heart may appear enlarged and is unable to pump efficiently, mimicking the symptoms of a heart attack. However, unlike a traditional heart attack, it is often reversible, and the heart can recover with appropriate management and time.

Recognizing this condition is important as it underscores the profound impact that psychological stress can have on physical health, particularly heart function. Other conditions listed, such as right-sided heart failure, arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy, and left-sided heart failure, involve different mechanisms and pathophysiologies that do not specifically relate to the acute emotional or psychological triggers associated with broken heart syndrome.