What is one possible consequence of aspiration?

Aspiration refers to the entry of foreign materials, such as liquid or food, into the airway and lungs. One significant consequence of aspiration is altered mental status, which can occur due to hypoxia (lack of oxygen) resulting from impaired gas exchange in the lungs. When aspirated contents enter the lungs, they can provoke an inflammatory response, causing conditions such as aspiration pneumonia. This can lead to a decrease in oxygenation, and as brain function deteriorates from inadequate oxygen, the individual may exhibit changes in consciousness, confusion, or disorientation—each of which characterizes altered mental status.

In contrast, aspiration typically does not lead to increased lung capacity, reduced heart rate, or improved respiratory function; rather, it can severely compromise respiratory function, exacerbating existing conditions or causing new ones, further complicating the patient's overall health status.