Where is the referred pain located if the liver is injured?

When the liver is injured, referred pain is often experienced in the right shoulder. This phenomenon can be explained through the concept of visceral pain projection, where pain originating from internal organs is perceived in distant locations due to the way sensory nerves are organized. The liver and the diaphragm share nerve pathways; specifically, stimulation of the phrenic nerve, which innervates the diaphragm, can also lead to sensations in the shoulder area.

This type of pain is known as referred pain and is common in injuries or conditions affecting the liver, such as hepatitis or hepatic trauma. The convergence of nerve signals in the spinal cord can create confusion in the brain regarding the source of pain, leading to this misperception.

The other options relate to different anatomical locations that do not correspond to the typical patterns of referred pain associated with liver injury. While each area may be involved in other types of pain syndromes, they do not align with the specific anatomical and nerve pathways connected to the liver.