Which of the following categories includes chemicals known to cause burning injuries to the eyes?

Alkalis are known to cause burning injuries to the eyes because they can penetrate tissues more deeply compared to acids. When in contact with the eye, alkalis can cause severe and immediate damage to the cornea and other structures due to their ability to saponify lipids and disrupt cell membranes. This can lead to significant ocular injury, possibly resulting in permanent visual impairment.

In contrast, neutral pH solutions typically do not cause injury due to their balanced acidity, while electrolytes and vitamins do not possess properties that would lead to burning injuries to the eyes. Both electrolytes and vitamins are generally safe for contact with the eyes and are involved in normal body functions rather than causing harm.